学校で生活していると、教師も児童もいつもうまくいくことばかりではありません。
特に配慮が必要な児童にとっては、大人が「そんな些細なことで？」と思うようなことでも大きな負荷がかかり、パニックを起こしてしまうこともあります。
特に、夏休み明けで、行事が立て続く２学期は要注意かもしれませんね。
では、児童がパニックを起こしやすいときってどんなときでしょう？
パニックになってしまったときには、どのように対応すればよいのでしょう？
あわせて読みたい記事
今回はこのような疑問にお答えします。
グリーン先生の経歴はこちら
- 小学校教員 １４年目
- 通常学級担任 １、２、４、５、６年担任を経験
- 現在特別支援学級（知的障害）担任 １、３、４年担任を経験
- 生徒指導主事３年目
この記事を読めば、こんなことが分かります！
- 児童がパニックを起こしやすい場面
- クールダウンさせるときの４つのポイント
- 児童がパニックを起こしてしまったときの対応～その場で～
- 児童がパニックを起こしてしまったときの対応～事後（保護者、教員）～
児童がパニックを起こしやすい場面
まずは、児童がパニックを起こしやすい場面を理解することで、そのような場面を作らないように周囲の環境を整えることができればと思います。
- 社会的状況の影響
- 新しい人やものとの出会い、集団での活動、発表など、ソーシャルな場面で不安が増大する
- 緊急事態
- 火災報知器の鳴動、地震、非常事態の発生など、突然の緊急事態に直面する
- 騒音や過度の刺激
- 騒音の環境、大勢の人々、明るい光など、過度の刺激がある
- 急な変化
- 日常生活の予測不能な変化、予期せぬ出来事が起こる
- 恐怖やトラウマ
- 過去の恐怖体験やトラウマが、特定の場面や状況
- パフォーマンスプレッシャー
- 舞台やスポーツの公演、競技会など、パフォーマンスに関するプレッシャー
- 分離不安障害
- 児童が親から離れる場面（学校への登校、保育園、寝室での独り遊びなど）
この中でも日常で起こりがちなことは「急な変化」です。
特に急な予定の変更が苦手な児童は、予期せぬ出来事が起こったときや自分が思っていたことは違う出来事が起きたときには過敏に反応します。
そのような出来事が起こったときに、パニックを起こし、大きな声を出したり、泣き出したり、衝動的にその場から逃げ出そうとしたりする行動に出てしまうこともあります。
クールダウンさせるときに気を付ける４つのポイント
では、実際にパニックになってしまったときには、どのようにクールダウンさせればよいかを考えてみましょう。
クールダウンするための適切な方法は、個々の児童のニーズや状況に応じて異なることがありますので、ここでは、一般的なアプローチ方法をいくつか紹介します。
- 心を落ち着ける場所の確保
- クールダウンのための安全で落ち着いた場所を確保する。
- 教室のカーテンの裏、机の下、教室の外などを好む児童が多い。
- 思いを共感し、安心できる声掛けをする
- 「あなたの気持ちは分かるよ」など不安感、怒りを理解していることを伝える
- 「そばにいるよ」と伝えることで、安心感を与える
- 心を落ち着ける方法をいっしょに考え、実践する
- 深呼吸
- 「だいじょうぶ」など、自分を落ち着かせる言葉を決め、復唱する
- 近くの大人に助けを求める（そばにいてもらう、気持ちを伝える）
- 好きなことに没頭する（絵を描く、紙を破るなど）
- 適切なフィードバック
- いっしょに考えたクールダウンの方法をうまく実践できたときは、すぐに褒める
- うまく実践できなかったときには、行動を否定するのではなく、次にどのようにすればよいかを話し合う
児童がパニックを起こしてしまったときの対応～その場～
児童がパニックを起こしてしまったときには、児童の状況にもよりますが、他の教員に応援を要請するなどし、以下の点に配慮します。
- 他の児童の安全を守る
- 周囲の児童がけがをしたり、嫌な気持ちになったりすることがないように努める
- 授業の進行の妨げにならないようにする（学習する権利の保障）
- パニックを起こしている児童が落ち着けるよう手助けをする
- 周囲の児童が落ち着いて学習ができるように見守りをする
児童がパニックを起こしてしまったときの対応～事後（保護者、教員）～
普段の様子と異なる出来事が起きたときには、保護者や教員間で共有することが大切です。
特に以下のような場合には、必ず報告するようにしましょう。
- けがが発生した
- 物が壊れた（壊してしまった）
- 教室（学校）から飛び出した
このような場合は、パニックを起こした本人だけの問題ではなく、周囲への影響もあるので、学級担任としては、保護者に伝えたり、学年団、管理職との情報共有をしたりすることが必要です。
また、周囲への影響がない場合でも、このような出来事が起こるということは、本人が何らかの不適応を起こしているという表れなので、情報共有をすることで児童支援へつなげましょう。そして、再発を防止するための方法を考え、実践するようにしましょう。
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